history of the filipino people teodoro a agoncillo

PSR is not an academic text, nor does it claim to be. PSR is both a guide to the movement and a codification of its concrete experience, taking both theory and practice into account. Thus the National Democratic movement was born. The student movement, then led by Sison, took Recto’s call to heart and launched a campaign against the “three problems” of Philippine society: US imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism.

Senator Claro Mayo Recto called for a “Second Propaganda Movement” – referencing the first wave of nationalist sentiment against Spanish colonialism led by ilustrados like Jose Rizal and Graciano Lopez Jaena in the nineteenth century. PSR is also a product of the 1960s: overt influence of the United States in economics, politics, and culture resulted in a pushback from students, intellectuals, and the nationalist middle class. It forms part of HWO’s collaboration with BA Illustration students at the University of Northampton in 2021-22, which aims to make history more visually accessible, democratic and engaging. Illustration by Ken Khan (Instagram: This artwork is a creative response to Justin’s article. Of these forces, the most consolidated and motivated force remains the National Democratic movement – activists and organizations that trace their line of tradition to the militancy of the 1960s. Today, the mass movement in the Philippines is a collection of political colors and ideas, united in a common goal of advancing the rights of the country’s marginalized. Since then, PSR has been republished in at least six editions and continues to serve as a “revolutionary roadmap” for generations of activists and community organizers in the Philippine mass movement.

Guerrero published them as a series of articles in the University of the Philippines’ student newspaper, The Philippine Collegian. In 1969, Amado Guerrero, nom de guerre of Communist Party of the Philippines founder Jose Maria Sison, wrote Philippine Society and Revolution (PSR).

History of the filipino people teodoro a agoncillo